Immunoglobulin a qn serum celiac

In patients with low pretest probability for celiac disease, generally a serologic testing screen is undertaken. This involves a tissue transglutaminase or an antiendomysial antibody test, both of which are IgA tests. If either test result is positive, then further diagnostic evaluation for adults involves upper endoscopy with small bowl biopsy.

If your immunoglobulin levels are too high, it may be a sign of an autoimmune disease, a chronic illness, an infection, or a type of cancer. Symptoms of these conditions vary greatly. Your health care provider may use information from your physical exam, medical history, and/or other tests to see if you are at risk for one of these diseases.--Immunoglobulin A, Qn, Serum 01 192, referrence 90-386 --Deamidated Gliadin Abs, IgA 76, Negative 0 - 19, Weak Positive 20 - 30, Moderate to Strong Positive >30 ... Celiac disease must first be ruled out by either antibody blood tests or an endoscopy with biopsy of the small bowel lining. NCGS is 10x more common than celiac disease. …Hello all. I recently went to a gastroenterologist for on/off left pelvic region pain. He ordered a blood test and all numbers are fine except under “Celiac Disease panel” it shows that the “Immunoglobulin A, Qn, Serum is high at 629.”When celiac disease is suspected, initial testing for serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) tissue transglutaminase (tTG) antibodies is useful because it offers adequate sensitivity and specificity at...The Deamidated Gliadin Peptide (DGP) is the newest of the celiac tests and has a 99% specificity for celiac disease. If this test is high, it pretty much means you have celiac disease. Nevertheless, most doctors (especially the GI's) still like to do the endoscopy with biopsy to confirm the diagnosis. The last test, total serum IgA, is a ...Additional Information. Increased monoclonal IgA may be produced in lymphoproliferative disorders, especially multiple myeloma and “Mediterranean” lymphoma involving bowel. An IgA monoclonal peak >2 g/dL is a major criterion for myeloma. It may be elevated in a wide range of conditions affecting mucosal surfaces, where IgA is largely produced.The Deamidated Gliadin Peptide (DGP) is the newest of the celiac tests and has a 99% specificity for celiac disease. If this test is high, it pretty much means you have celiac disease. Nevertheless, most doctors (especially the GI's) still like to do the endoscopy with biopsy to confirm the diagnosis. The last test, total serum IgA, is a ...Celiac disease is a gluten enteropathy occurring in both children and adults. The disease is probably underdiagnosed in that it may affect as much as 1% of the population in the US. The condition is characterized by a sensitivity to gluten (found in wheat, barley, and rye) that causes inflammation and atrophy of the villi of the small intestine ...

Serum immunoglobulin tests are used for the evaluation of antibody (humoral) immunodeficiencies. A low level of immunoglobulin is termed ‘hypogammaglobulinaemia’. The tests should be ordered if a patient has symptoms suggestive of an immunoglobulin deficiency, such as family history of immunodeficiency, recurrent or severe or unusual ...Immunoglobulins are given through a vein or by injection to boost the immune system. Autoimmune disease treatment is based on the specific problem. Note: People with complete IgA deficiency may develop anti-IgA antibodies if given blood products and immunoglobulins. This may lead to allergies or life-threatening anaphylactic shock. However ...Immunofixation, Serum. 01. An apparent polyclonal gammopathy: IgA and IgM. Kappa and lambda. Immunofixation Result, Serum. typing appear increased. Immunoglobulin G, Qn, Serum 1396 mg/dL 700 − 1600 01. Immunoglobulin A, Qn, Serum 721 High mg/dL 91 − 414 01. Immunoglobulin M, Qn, Serum 271 High mg/dL …Oct 18, 2022 · Deficiency of immunoglobulin A (IgA) is the most common primary immunodeficiency. It is characterized by very low to absent levels of IgA in the bloodstream. This can result in frequent infections that involve mucous membranes, such as in the ears, sinuses, lungs, and gastrointestinal tract —but more often, people are asymptomatic. Immunoglobulin A, Qn, Serum 116 Does this mean she is positive for Celiac? ... Celiac disease is typically diagnosed through a combination of blood tests and an intestinal biopsy. The doctor will consider the overall clinical picture, medical history, and other factors to arrive at a conclusive diagnosis. ...

t-Transglutaminase (tTG) IgG <2 U/mL 0-5. Endomysial Antibody IgA Negative Negative. Immunoglobulin A, Qn, Serum 315 mg/dL 70-400. Thanks all!! Therese. The last part is the test for the endomysial antibody (a very Celiac specific marker)...you were negative. The second test was for IgA deficiency (immunoglobulin, …IgG is the principal immunoglobulin in human serum. It is important in providing immunity in a developing fetus because it will pass across the placental barrier. IgA is the principal immunoglobulin in …IMMUNOGLOBULIN A, QN, SERUM 129 87-352 MG/DL Final 01 DEAMIDATED GLIADIN ABS, IGA 5 0-19 UNITS Final 01 NEGATIVE 0 - 19 WEAK POSITIVE 20 - 30 MODERATE TO STRONG POSITIVE >30 ... There are estimates that as much as 6% of the population are non celiac gluten intolerant, they test negative for …IGA / Immunoglobulin A (IgA), Serum. Normal or elevated IgA. TTGA / Tissue Transglutaminase Antibody, IgA, Serum. IgA ≥1 mg/dL and below age-matched reference values. <4.0 U/mL. 4.0–10.0 U/mL. > U/mL. TSTGP / Tissue Transglutaminase Antibodies, IgA and IgG Profile, Serum. DGLDN / Gliadin (Deamidated) Antibodies Evaluation, IgG and IgA, Serum.Sep 21, 2022 ... Therefore, it is recommended that IgG antibodies to deamidated gliadin be determined if there is total IgA deficiency. Deamidated gliadin IgA ...The gamma globulin band as seen in conventional serum protein electrophoresis consists of 5 immunoglobulins. In normal serum, about 15% is IgA. Monoclonal gammopathies of all types may lead to a spike in the gamma globulin zone seen on serum protein electrophoresis. Monoclonal elevations of IgA characterize multiple myeloma.

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Get ratings and reviews for the top 11 pest companies in Yorba Linda, CA. Helping you find the best pest companies for the job. Expert Advice On Improving Your Home All Projects Fe...Reference Range. Immunoglobulins are glycoprotein molecules that are produced by plasma cells in response to an immunogen. Indications for serum immunoglobulin testing include diagnosis and monitoring of monoclonal gammopathies and immune deficiencies. Reference ranges of immunoglobulins may vary based on …An IgA test measures the blood level of immunoglobulin A, one of the most common types of antibodies in the body. Antibodies (also called immunoglobulins) are proteins the immune system makes to recognize and get rid of germs. Normally, high IgA levels are found in the body's mucous membranes, especially the respiratory passages and ...Deficiency of immunoglobulin A (IgA) is the most common primary immunodeficiency. It is characterized by very low to absent levels of IgA in the bloodstream. This can result in frequent infections that involve mucous membranes, such as in the ears, sinuses, lungs, and gastrointestinal tract —but more often, people are asymptomatic.

The prevalence of IgA deficiency/partial deficiency among adults and children with CD was 2.06% and 1.89%, respectively (P =0.99). Demographic information for adults and children is sum-marized in Tables 1 and 2, respectively. There were no significant differences in sex or mean age of diagnosis be-tween the IgA-deficient (total and partial ...Are robots replacing human soldiers? One U.S. Army leader says they could be a big part of U.S. forces in the future. Find out more at HowStuffWorks. Advertisement "The robots are ...Request an Appointment. 410-955-5000 Maryland. 855-695-4872 Outside of Maryland. +1-410-502-7683 International. Find a Doctor. An IgG deficiency is a health problem in which your body doesn’t make enough Immunoglobulin G (IgG). People with IgG deficiency are more likely to get infections.Immunoglobulin M (IgM) – IgM antibodies are produced as a body’s first response to a new infection or to a new “non-self” antigen, providing short-term protection. They increase for several weeks and then decline as IgG production begins. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) – About 70-80% of the immunoglobulins in the blood are IgG.An IgA test measures the blood level of immunoglobulin A, one of the most common types of antibodies in the body. Antibodies (also called immunoglobulins) are proteins the immune system makes to recognize and get rid of germs. Normally, high IgA levels are found in the body's mucous membranes, especially the respiratory passages and ... Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is an antibody blood protein that’s part of your immune system. Your body makes IgA and other type of antibodies to help fight off sickness. Having an IgA deficiency means that you have low levels of or no IgA in your blood. IgA is found in mucous membranes, mainly in the respiratory and digestive tracts. Jan 22, 2021 · Takeaway. High IgA usually points to chronic infections or inflammation, though diverse disorders can raise its levels. In adults, values above 300 mg/dL are considered high by most labs. High levels do not cause any symptoms. Symptoms depend on the underlying cause and health status, which should be evaluated by a physician. Deficiency of immunoglobulin A (IgA) is the most common primary immunodeficiency. It is characterized by very low to absent levels of IgA in the bloodstream. This can result in frequent infections that involve mucous membranes, such as in the ears, sinuses, lungs, and gastrointestinal tract —but more often, people are asymptomatic.Do you know what you’re putting on your skin? If not, you can use this product search engine to decode what’s in your lotions, face serums and makeup. Do you know what you’re putti...

Celiac disease is a gluten enteropathy occurring in both children and adults. The disease is probably underdiagnosed in that it may affect as much as 1% of the population in the United States. ... Immunoglobulin A, Qn, Serum: mg/dL: 2458-8: 164010: Celiac Ab tTG DGP TIgA: 94494-2: 161652: Deamidated Gliadin Abs, IgA: units: 58709-7: 164010 ...

However, some people who have IgA deficiency experience pneumonia, ear infections, sinus infections, allergies, asthma and diarrhea. Autoimmune diseases, in which your immune system attacks particular organs or tissues in your own body, can be found with selective IgA deficiency. Common autoimmune conditions found with IgA deficiency …Introduction. Hypergammaglobulinemia (polyclonal gammopathy) refers to the overproduction of more than one class of immunoglobulins by plasma cells. It is most commonly associated with liver disease, acute or chronic inflammation, autoimmune disorders, and some malignancies. Hypergammaglobulinemia (polyclonal gammopathy) …Selective immunoglobulin A (IgA) deficiency ( SIgAD [1]) is a kind of immunodeficiency, a type of hypogammaglobulinemia. People with this deficiency lack immunoglobulin A (IgA), a type of antibody that protects against infections of the mucous membranes lining the mouth, airways, and digestive tract. It is defined as an undetectable serum IgA ...The National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) has a serum and lymphocyte bank with specimens on more than 90% of the 33,000 women in the Breast Cancer Prevention ...Immunoglobulin M, Qn, Serum: mg/dL: 2472-9: 002295: Immunoglobulins A/E/G/M, Serum: 34550-4: 002173: Immunoglobulin E, Total: IU/mL: 19113-0: Test Menu Right Side Menu. Find a Test; New & Updated Tests; Test Resources; For Providers. Please login to order a test. Order a TestI have both genes for Celiac disease. My endoscopy biopsy showed mild intraepithelial lymphocytosis with preservation of the villlous architecture. my celiac blood panel had my t-transglutaminase (tTG)IgG positive at a 6. My Immunoglobulin A QN Serum was positive at a 366. My GI says it's celiac and to start a gluten-free diet.Hi there, gorgeous! Have you achieved flawless Chok Chok with your skincare regimen? Can you navigate the world of serums, CC and BB creams with ease? If your K-beauty slang game i...

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The Immunoglobulin Test or IgA test measures the amount of IgA antibodies in the blood. The IgA test can also be used for the screening of some autoimmune disorders and cancers. However, IgA tests are not too specific meaning they cannot pinpoint the cause of the IgA level fluctuations and is only used to assess the levels of antibodies and ...Nov 9, 2021 · Immunoglobulin M (IgM) – IgM antibodies are produced as a body’s first response to a new infection or to a new “non-self” antigen, providing short-term protection. They increase for several weeks and then decline as IgG production begins. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) – About 70-80% of the immunoglobulins in the blood are IgG. The tTG-IgA test is the preferred celiac disease serologic test for most patients. 1 Research suggests that the tTG-IgA test has a sensitivity of 78% to 100% and a specificity of 90% …An IgA test measures the blood level of immunoglobulin A, one of the most common types of antibodies in the body. Antibodies (also called immunoglobulins) are proteins the immune system makes to recognize and get rid of germs. Normally, high IgA levels are found in the body's mucous membranes, especially the respiratory passages and ...When celiac disease is suspected, initial testing for serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) tissue transglutaminase (tTG) antibodies is useful because it …weight loss. bruises or other skin lesions. blurred vision. swelling of the lymph nodes, spleen, or liver. This test alone cannot be used to make a diagnosis. The test only indicates whether ...May 12, 2022 ... An allergy blood test measures IgE. It's a protein made by your immune system. High levels of IgE may mean you have an allergy. Learn more.Clinical Information. The gamma globulin band as seen in conventional serum protein electrophoresis consists of 5 immunoglobulins. In normal serum, about 15% is IgA. Monoclonal gammopathies of all types may lead to a spike in the gamma globulin zone seen on serum protein electrophoresis. Monoclonal elevations of IgA characterize multiple myeloma. ….

Takeaway. High IgA usually points to chronic infections or inflammation, though diverse disorders can raise its levels. In adults, values above 300 mg/dL are considered high by most labs. High levels do not cause any symptoms. Symptoms depend on the underlying cause and health status, which should be evaluated by a physician.Immunoglobulin A (IgA) deficiency is 10 to 15 times more common in patients with celiac disease (CD) than in healthy subjects. Serological tests have become the preferred …Nov 20, 2012 · Hi. My father was Dx with celiac disease a few years ago and I just recently realized I have many symptoms as well. I have not tested yet becuase I was using steroid cream to treat eczema, so I went off them to test. In the meantime, I decided to test my kids. The only tests that were done were t... Deamidated Giladin Abs, IgA, Deamidated Giladin Abs, IgG, T-Transglutaminase tTg IgA and Immunoglobulin A Qn Serum . Can someone explain what this means: Deamidated Gliadin Abs, IgA 24 High Deamidated Giladin Abs, IgG 2 negative t-Transglutaminase (tTG) IgA <2 negative ... • Celiac • I swear, stuff like this should be illegal. $5 additional ...Immunoglobulin A (IgA), one of the five primary immunoglobulins, plays a pivotal role in mucosal homeostasis in the gastrointestinal, respiratory, and genitourinary tracts, functioning as the dominant antibody of immunity in this role.[1] It is the second most abundant immunoglobulin type found in the body and, consequently, has a crucial role in protection against antigens.[2] IgA production ...Testing Algorithm. If the IgA-endomysial antibodies result is positive or indeterminate, then the antibody titer will be performed at an additional charge. The following algorithms are available: - Celiac Disease Comprehensive Cascade Test Algorithm. -Celiac Disease Diagnostic Testing Algorithm. - Celiac Disease Gluten-Free Cascade Test Algorithm.Oct 18, 2022 · Deficiency of immunoglobulin A (IgA) is the most common primary immunodeficiency. It is characterized by very low to absent levels of IgA in the bloodstream. This can result in frequent infections that involve mucous membranes, such as in the ears, sinuses, lungs, and gastrointestinal tract —but more often, people are asymptomatic. An immunoglobulins test usually measures three specific types of immunoglobulins. They are called igG, igM, and IgA. If your levels of igG, igM, or IgA are too low or too high, it may be a sign of a serious health problem. Other names: quantitative immunoglobulins, total immunoglobulins, IgG, IgM, IgA testing Immunoglobulin a qn serum celiac, Dec 15, 2007 · When celiac disease is suspected, initial testing for serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) tissue transglutaminase (tTG) antibodies is useful because it offers adequate sensitivity and specificity at... , Immunoglobulin A (IgA) deficiency is 10 to 15 times more common in patients with celiac disease (CD) than in healthy subjects. Serological tests have become the preferred methods of diagnosing CD in both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. However, commercially available serological methods are l …, Hi. My father was Dx with celiac disease a few years ago and I just recently realized I have many symptoms as well. I have not tested yet becuase I was using steroid cream to treat eczema, so I went off them to test. In the meantime, I decided to test my kids. The only tests that were done were t..., Immunoglobulin A, Qn, Serum value: 268 mg/dL Link to comment Share on other sites. Celiac.com Sponsor (A8): Celiac.com Sponsor (A8): Celiac.com Sponsor (A8-M): trents. trents. Moderators; ... The gold standard test for celiac disease is an endoscopy with biopsy of the small bowel lining. Your physician may want you to get this done for ..., Immunoglobulin A, Qn, Serum value: 268 mg/dL Link to comment Share on other sites. Celiac.com Sponsor (A8): Celiac.com Sponsor (A8): Celiac.com Sponsor (A8-M): trents. trents. Moderators; ... The gold standard test for celiac disease is an endoscopy with biopsy of the small bowel lining. Your physician may want you to get this done for ..., Background & aims: Celiac disease is characterized by disturbed jejunal crypt-villus axis biology with immunoglobulin (Ig) A deposits underlining the epithelium. The aim of this study was to test whether celiac disease serum IgA (reticulin/endomysial autoantibodies) interferes with the mesenchymal-epithelial cell cross-talk. , When celiac disease is suspected, initial testing for serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) tissue transglutaminase (tTG) antibodies is useful because it …, Yes, many people whoh have a low immunoglobulin A level will have no symptoms at all, but others can have symptoms of Celiac-like disease or Chron's or other inflammatory bowel disorder. So, the low level can cause the symptoms of Chron's, yes. Reply back if I can help further. Understood.Is 50ish considered very low, moderate or closer to ..., The startup world is going through yet another evolution. A few years ago, VCs were focused on growth over profitability. Now, making money is just as important, if not more, than ..., Customer: Hi, my Immunoglobulin A, Qn, Serum came <5 very low. Does this mean I could have celiac disease? Doctor's Assistant: What are all your symptoms? Have you talked to a doctor about celiac disease? Customer: My rheumathologist is testing me for lupus anticoagulants, sjogrens and RA. Two years ago I was in a lot of back and neck pain ..., Elevated Total Serum Immunoglobulin A Levels in Patients with Suspicion for Celiac Disease. by. Twan Sia. 1,2, Leeon Bacchus. 1, Evan Cunningham. 1, Katie …, Immunoglobulin A, Qn, Serum (LabCorp). Get know how much does lab test cost. Direct access testing with or without insurance. ... (Celiac Disease Comprehensive Antibody Profile $243.99) Step 2: Checkout - go to Checkout and complete the checkout process there. Your total price should be $243.99, The following algorithms are available: - Celiac Disease Comprehensive Cascade Test Algorithm. - Celiac Disease Diagnostic Testing Algorithm. - Celiac Disease Gluten-Free …, In patients with low pretest probability for celiac disease, generally a serologic testing screen is undertaken. This involves a tissue transglutaminase or an antiendomysial antibody test, both of which are IgA tests. If either test result is positive, then further diagnostic evaluation for adults involves upper endoscopy with small bowl biopsy., Introduction. Selective immunoglobulin A deficiency (SIgAD) is considered to be the most common primary immunodeficiency and defined as undetectable serum Immunoglobulin A (IgA) in the presence of normal serum levels of Immunoglobulin G (IgG) and Immunoglobulin M (IgM), in patients older than 4 years of age, in whom other causes …, Background & aims: Celiac disease is characterized by disturbed jejunal crypt-villus axis biology with immunoglobulin (Ig) A deposits underlining the epithelium. The aim of this study was to test whether celiac disease serum IgA (reticulin/endomysial autoantibodies) interferes with the mesenchymal-epithelial cell cross-talk., Immunoglobulin G, Qn, Serum. Optimal Result: 586 - 1602 mg/dL. Interpret your laboratory results now. Immunoglobulin G (IgG), quantified in serum and expressed in quantitative terms, is a fundamental marker in immunology and a predominant antibody class in the body's immune response. Representing about 75% of serum antibodies in …, In patients with low pretest probability for celiac disease, generally a serologic testing screen is undertaken. This involves a tissue transglutaminase or an antiendomysial antibody test, both of which are IgA tests. If either test result is positive, then further diagnostic evaluation for adults involves upper endoscopy with small bowl biopsy., Background. Selective immunoglobulin A deficiency (SIgAD) is a primary immunodeficiency disease and is the most common of the primary antibody deficiencies. [ 1] Total immunoglobulin A deficiency (IgAD) is defined as an undetectable serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) level at a value < 5 mg/dL (0.05 g/L) in humans., Immunoglobulin A, Qn Serum. Result: 329 mg/dl (scale 87-352). t-Transglutaminase (tTG) IgA. ... The other thing is concerns me is that your doc only ran two celiac antibody tests, total serum IGA and tTG-IGA. tTG-IGA is considered to be the one test that combines good sensitivity with good specificity with good economy. There are a …, Selective immunoglobulin A (IgA) deficiency (SIgAD) is a kind of immunodeficiency, a type of hypogammaglobulinemia.People with this deficiency lack immunoglobulin A (IgA), a type of antibody that protects against infections of the mucous membranes lining the mouth, airways, and digestive tract. It is defined as an undetectable serum IgA level in the …, The tTG-IgA test is the preferred celiac disease serologic test for most patients. 1 Research suggests that the tTG-IgA test has a sensitivity of 78% to 100% and a specificity of 90% to 100%. 2 The performance of this test may depend on the degree of intestinal damage, making the test less sensitive in patients who have mild celiac disease., Individuals with immunoglobulin G deficiency (IgGsd) often complain of fatigue. The correlation between systemic inflammation and fatigue is unknown. In this study perceived quality of life (QoL) and fatigue in individuals with IgGsd, on and off immunoglobulin replacement therapy (IgRT) were correlated to inflammatory markers …, Immunoglobulin M, Qn, Serum: mg/dL: 2472-9: 002295: Immunoglobulins A/E/G/M, Serum: 34550-4: 002173: Immunoglobulin E, Total: IU/mL: 19113-0: Test Menu Right Side Menu. Find a Test; New & Updated Tests; Test Resources; For Providers. Please login to order a test. Order a Test, Immunoglobulins are given through a vein or by injection to boost the immune system. Autoimmune disease treatment is based on the specific problem. Note: People with complete IgA deficiency may develop anti-IgA antibodies if given blood products and immunoglobulins. This may lead to allergies or life-threatening anaphylactic shock. However ..., Deamidated Gliadin Abs, IgG 0.6 (within range) t-Transglutaminase (tTG) IgA 1 (negative range) t-Transglutaminase (tTG) IgG 9 HIGH (weak positive 6-9; positive >9) Endomysial Antibody IgA negative. Immunoglobulin A, Qn, Serum 105 (within range) Since they were Gluten-free Casein-free, I wasn't surprised that they showed negative on the IgA tests., May 15, 2018 ... Total immunoglobulin A deficiency (IgAD) is defined as an undetectable serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) level at a value < 5 mg/dL (0.05 g/L) in ..., A good friend of mine has Celiac disease, which means he can’t eat any gluten. While eating “gluten-free” has for some reason turned into the hip thing to do in recent years, for h..., Immunoglobulin A, Qn, Serum 710 High mg/dL 91 − 414 01. Endomysial Antibody IgA Negative Negative 01 2014 – April Beta Globulin 1.4 High g/dL 0.6 − 1.3 01. Immunoglobulin A, Qn, Serum 721 High mg/dL 91 − 414 01. Immunoglobulin M, Qn, Serum 271 High mg/dL 40 − 230 01, You may need this test if your health care provider thinks your immunoglobulin levels might be too low or too high. Symptoms of levels that are too low include: Frequent and/or unusual bacterial or viral infections ... Maclean-Tooke A. Quantitative serum immunoglobulin tests. Aust Fam Physician [Internet]. 2013 Apr [cited 2018 Feb 17]; …, Selective immunoglobulin A (IgA) deficiency ( SIgAD [1]) is a kind of immunodeficiency, a type of hypogammaglobulinemia. People with this deficiency lack immunoglobulin A (IgA), a type of antibody that protects against infections of the mucous membranes lining the mouth, airways, and digestive tract. It is defined as an undetectable serum IgA ..., I recently had a celiac panel done and it came back negative. however the immunoglobulin a, qn, serum level was low at 59. is this serious? Dr. John Chiu answered. Allergy and Immunology 59 years experience. Unlikely: Low IgA occurs in about 1/333 people. Most people with this isolated deficiency do not have problem. , Immunoglobulin G, Qn, Serum. Optimal Result: 586 - 1602 mg/dL. Interpret your laboratory results now. Immunoglobulin G (IgG), quantified in serum and expressed in quantitative terms, is a fundamental marker in immunology and a predominant antibody class in the body's immune response. Representing about 75% of serum antibodies in …