Indian tribes in georgia

By the Treaty of Indian Springs, Indian lands were ceded to Georgia and the Creek Indians moved across the Chattahoochee River to Alabama. 1908 Courthouse.

Indian tribes in georgia. Oct 4, 2016 ... Lists of people accepted between 1898 and 1914 by the Dawes Commission as members of these five Indian tribes: Cherokee, Creek, Choctaw, ...

In the 1830s, President Andrew Jackson pursued a policy of Indian Removal, forcing Native Americans living in Georgia, Florida, and Mississippi to trek hundreds of miles to territory in present-day Oklahoma. ... In 1830, the Cherokee nation took the state of Georgia to the Supreme Court, arguing that it was an independent nation and as such ...

The Creek Indian Tribe was a Native American tribe from the Southeastern Woodlands in the area of ... Georgia representatives paid Creek leader William McIntosh to sign all remaining Creek land ...St. Simons Island is one of Georgia's Golden Isles. Steeped in history, this beach community has something for everyone. Share Last Updated on March 8, 2023 St. Simons Island is on...It is named after John Forsyth, Governor of Georgia from 1827–1829 and Secretary of State under Presidents Andrew Jackson and Martin Van Buren. Forsyth County is bordered on the north by Dawson County and the east by Hall County. Lake Lanier now covers the two counties boundary. Gwinnett County forms a short southwestern boundary of Forsyth.Jun 7, 2017 ... Social Studies 2nd Grade American Indians of Georgia Content Video. 12K views · 6 years ago ...more. Try YouTube Kids. The Tribal Council is incorporated and has held 501 (c) (3) nonprofit status since 1989 for their mission of maintaining a traditional Cherokee community, while preserving and sharing their culture and history. The Tribal Grounds of 18.5 acres are located in St. George, Georgia. Feb 25, 2024 · Worcester v. Georgia, legal case in which the U.S. Supreme Court on March 3, 1832, held (5–1) that the states did not have the right to impose regulations on Native American land. Although Pres. Andrew Jackson refused to enforce the ruling, the decision helped form the basis for most subsequent law in the United States regarding Native Americans. Ocmulgee Mounds National Historical Park (formerly Ocmulgee National Monument) in Macon, Georgia, United States preserves traces of over ten millennia of culture from the Native Americans in the Southeastern Woodlands.Its chief remains are major earthworks built before 1000 CE by the South Appalachian Mississippian culture (a regional …

The Indigenous Peoples of Northern Georgia. During the earliest part of this Paleo-Indians period, an ice sheet covered the portion of North America above the Ohio River. Brasstown Bald probably had a permanent ice cap, while permafrost characterized its upper elevations. No evidence of glaciers has been found.The Kolomoki Mounds Historic Site includes seven earthen mounds that were built between 250-950 A.D. as well as Georgia's oldest temple mound. The history of the coastal Georgia's Guale Indians is recounted at the Fort King George Historic Site's museum located along the Altamaha River in Darien. The earliest inhabitants of this …Apr 27, 2004 · The Indians of Georgia spoke an incredible number of languages. It would surprise most people to learn that there were as many differences between some of the languages spoken by native Georgians as there are between English and Chinese, and that these large differences did not directly coincide with differences in culture or ethnic identity. […] Created / Published. Milledgeville, Ga. : John Bethune, 1831. Headings. - Georgia--Maps; - Cherokee Indians--Georgia ...The Creek Tribe, as they were known to Europeans, were a Native American tribe that occupied a large area of land in what is now known as Georgia and ...

Timeline: The Georgia Indian Frontier, 1773-1783 1752 Georgia becomes a Crown Colony. 1760 John Stuart becomes superintendent of Indian tribes in the South. 1763 Last Indian land cession is made in Georgia. 1768 Crown attempts to set boundary between settlers and Indian tribes. 1771The Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 ( M595, 692 rolls) contains census rolls that were usually submitted each year by agents or superintendents in charge of Indian reservations, to the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, as required by an act of July 4, 1884 (23 Stat. 98).The data on the rolls vary, but usually given are the English and/or Indian name …On March 28, 1830, the United States Congress passed the Indian Removal Act, marking the government’s clear-cut push to remove Native American tribes from east of the Mississippi River. The Indian Removal Act opened land that Indigenous peoples had previously called home to White settlement and the expansion of slavery, further codifying …The Indigenous People of Georgia. The names of the Georgia tribes included the Apalachee, Choctaw, Cherokee, Hitchiti, Oconee, Miccosukee, Muskogee Creek, Timucua, Yamasee, Guale, and the Yucci. The area we now call Georgia has been inhabited at least 10,000 years. The earliest known residents, the Paleo and Archaic people of BC 10,000 …Jan 22, 2003 · Indian Trails. Before Georgia had roads, it was laced with Indian trails or paths. These trails served the needs of Georgia’s native populations by connecting their villages with one another and allowing them to travel great distances in quest of game, fish, shellfish, and pearls, as well as such mineral resources as salt, flint, pipestone ... The Chickasaw (/ ˈ tʃ ɪ k ə s ɔː / CHIK-ə-saw) are an Indigenous people of the Southeastern Woodlands, United States.Their traditional territory was in northern Mississippi, northwestern and northern Alabama, western Tennessee and southwestern Kentucky. Their language is classified as a member of the Muskogean language family. In the present day, they are …

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The Chickasaw (/ ˈ tʃ ɪ k ə s ɔː / CHIK-ə-saw) are an Indigenous people of the Southeastern Woodlands, United States.Their traditional territory was in northern Mississippi, northwestern and northern Alabama, western Tennessee and southwestern Kentucky. Their language is classified as a member of the Muskogean language family. In the present day, they are …Their fossils were found in Ladds Cave in Cartersville, GA. Mastodon teeth have been found in several valleys of northern Georgia. By 9,000 BC all the megafauna species in the region had disappeared. No Paleo-Indian Period occupation sites within a 50 mile range of Track Rock Gap have been professionally studied.The Apalachee are thought to be part of Fort Walton Culture, [citation needed] a Florida culture influenced by the Mississippian culture . The Apalachee were horticulturalists with stratified chiefdoms and sedentary towns and villages. [2] Like many other Southeastern tribes, they have an alternating dual governmental system with a war chief ...It was named after the Muscogee branch of the Creek Indians. Muscogee-speaking towns took a leading role in the formation of the People of One Fire or Creek Confederacy during the late 1600s and early 1700s. However, the word “Muscogee” did not appear on British and American maps until the late 1700s. Muscogee is the English version of the ...Hitchiti (/ h ɪ ˈ tʃ ɪ t i / hih-CHIH-tee) was a tribal town in what is now the Southeast United States.It was one of several towns whose people spoke the Hitchiti language.It was first known as part of the Apalachicola Province, an association of tribal towns along the Chattahoochee River.Shortly after 1690, the towns of Apalachicola Province moved to …Joined by their Indian allies on the Ocmulgee River, the English led many slave-capturing expeditions into southwest Georgia and north Florida against Indians allied with the Spanish and French. As Native American anger grew, several major tribes concluded that only a military solution would eliminate the English problem.

The Creek Indians, also known as the Muscogee people, are a Native American tribe that has a rich history in the state of Georgia. They were one of the …Personal loans in Georgia with low APRs & high amounts. Compare loans from Georgia banks/credit unions & national lenders. Find the best loan in Georgia. WalletHub makes it easy to...Indian removal was the United States government policy of forced displacement of self-governing tribes of Native Americans from their ancestral homelands in the eastern United States to lands west of the Mississippi River – specifically, to a designated Indian Territory (roughly, present-day Oklahoma ). [1] [2] [3] The Indian Removal Act, the ...The Okefenokee Swamp covers nearly 700 square miles, almost all of which is in Georgia. It has a long history as a wilderness, a public common, and a refuge. Since 1937 most of the Okefenokee has been a National Wildlife Refuge. It was designated a National Wilderness Area in 1974. Indigenous Communities Indigenous peoples …Timeline: The Georgia Indian Frontier, 1773-1783 1752 Georgia becomes a Crown Colony. 1760 John Stuart becomes superintendent of Indian tribes in the South. 1763 Last Indian land cession is made in Georgia. 1768 Crown attempts to set boundary between settlers and Indian tribes. 1771Dec 5, 2023 · The Creek Indians were one of the largest Native American tribes in the southeastern United States. They inhabited what is now known as Georgia, Alabama, and parts of Florida and South Carolina. The Creek Indians had a complex political and social structure, with a matrilineal society and shared governance. They were skilled hunters, farmers ... Tribal Council. The mission of the Poarch Band of Creek Indians is to protect our inherent rights as a sovereign American Indian Tribe, promote our culture and beliefs, to help our Tribal Members achieve their highest potential, maintain good relations with other Indian Tribes and units of government,acquire, develop and conserve resources to achieve …Joined by their Indian allies on the Ocmulgee River, the English led many slave-capturing expeditions into southwest Georgia and north Florida against Indians allied with the Spanish and French. As Native American anger grew, several major tribes concluded that only a military solution would eliminate the English problem.The Tribal Council is incorporated and has held 501 (c) (3) nonprofit status since 1989 for their mission of maintaining a traditional Cherokee community, while preserving and sharing their culture and history. The Tribal Grounds of 18.5 acres are …The tribes are connected by a network of doubles lines representing footpaths. Along the left side of the map is a depiction of the city of Charleston, with its rectangular street grid pattern and a ship in the harbor. ... Sometime around 1770 the Cherokee inflamed other Indian factions in Georgia when, in the words of one geographer, they ...In the 1950s, the United States came up with a plan to solve what it called the "Indian Problem." It would assimilate Native Americans by moving them to cities and eliminating reservations. The 20-year campaign failed to erase Native Americans, but its effects on Indian Country are still felt today. Listen: Timeline: The Georgia Indian Frontier, 1773-1783 1752 Georgia becomes a Crown Colony. 1760 John Stuart becomes superintendent of Indian tribes in the South. 1763 Last Indian land cession is made in Georgia. 1768 Crown attempts to set boundary between settlers and Indian tribes. 1771

Tribal Council. The mission of the Poarch Band of Creek Indians is to protect our inherent rights as a sovereign American Indian Tribe, promote our culture and beliefs, to help our Tribal Members achieve their highest potential, maintain good relations with other Indian Tribes and units of government,acquire, develop and conserve resources to achieve …

May 30, 2014 ... Native American tribes have a rich history and culture. This episode discusses primarily the Cherokee tribe in Georgia and how their ...Much mystery surrounds the Georgia Guidestones, including the true identity of the man who commissioned them to be built and the identity of their destroyer. Advertisement Just nor...Etowah Indian Mounds State Historic Site in Cartersville, Georgia. Start in Cartersville, about an hour northwest of Atlanta, at the Etowah Indian Mounds, a political and religious center for the Mississippian tribe. Six earthen mounds, a plaza, a village site and other archeologically significant places make up the 54-acre state historic ...By the Treaty of Indian Springs, Indian lands were ceded to Georgia and the Creek Indians moved across the Chattahoochee River to Alabama. 1908 Courthouse.As the coalescent societies began to form, Native Americans in Georgia and throughout the South revolted against the slave trade and the English, in particular. This revolt, known as the Yamasee War of 1715, served the Indians’ purpose of reforming the trade, if not annihilating the English. Although enslaved Indians continued to be bought ... The State of Georgia officially recognizes as legitimate American Indian tribes of Georgia the following tribes, bands, groups, or communities under OCGA 44-12-300: The Lower Muscogee Creek Tribe. State recognized in Georgia code OCGA 44-12-300. Route 2, Box 370. Whigham, Georgia 31797. The Cherokee of Georgia Tribal Council. The Lower Muskogee Creek Tribe is a remnant of the Original Muskogee Creek Confederacy, known as Creek Nation. We have three Treaties with the Colony of Georgia and 11 Treaties with the United States Government. ... Georgia Council on American Indian Concerns c/o State Parks & Historic Sites Georgia Department of Natural Resources. …While many of Georgia’s Native people were Cherokee, they were driven out of the state during the Trail of Tears. Currently, the largest tribe in Georgia is Muscogee Creek. According to the 2020 U.S. Census, only .3% of the population in Georgia identify as American Indian or Alaskan Native. Housing assistance for Native Americans. The government offers funding to tribes and Native American individuals and families to build, buy, and renovate housing. See a list of federally recognized Native American tribes and Alaska Native entities. Learn about food, housing, and financial assistance programs. The Indigenous Peoples of Northern Georgia. During the earliest part of this Paleo-Indians period, an ice sheet covered the portion of North America above the Ohio River. Brasstown Bald probably had a permanent ice cap, while permafrost characterized its upper elevations. No evidence of glaciers has been found.

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Learn more about why we chose SunPower as the Best Overall solar company in Georgia alongside our six other top picks in the state. Expert Advice On Improving Your Home Videos Late...The Indians of Georgia spoke an incredible number of languages. It would surprise most people to learn that there were as many differences between some of the languages spoken by native Georgians as there are between English and Chinese, and that these large differences did not directly coincide with differences in culture or ethnic identity.The three native tribes in Georgia who were acknowledged by the state as heirs of those people were the Cherokee Indian Tribe of Georgia, The Georgia Indian Tribe of …Official State Recognized Georgia Tribe of Eastern Cherokee preserving the history, culture and traditions of Georgia's Cherokee people ... Georgia Tribe of Eastern Cherokee a/k/a Georgia Cherokee Indians State Recognized GA Code OCGA 44-12-300 P.O. Box 1915 Cumming, Georgia 30028 [email protected] Registered 501(c)3 …Little is known of the Jumano Indians’ spiritual or religious practices, although the historical record indicates it may have involved hallucinogens, such as peyote, as part of Jum...About Us. The Georgia Tribe of Eastern Cherokee consists of descendants of the Cherokee in the Dahlonega area who managed to escape the infamous Trail of Tears. The Trail of Tears characterized the forceful removal of their tribe in the 1830's, by soldiers who herded them into the Oklahoma Territory. Our Tribal members have lineage which is ...The Supreme Court took the tribe’s case contesting the Georgia laws as having no constitutional basis. The high court’s opinion, authored by Chief Justice John Marshall, acknowledged that the Cherokee had a strong case, but gave the Indians no solace. The holding: The Supreme Court had no jurisdiction to settle the dispute.There are a total of four federally recognized Native American tribes in Georgia, as well as a number of state-recognized tribes. Of the federally recognized tribes, the Cherokee Nation and the Muscogee … Muscogee people [2] The Yuchi people, also spelled Euchee and Uchee, are a Native American tribe based in Oklahoma. Their original homeland was in the southeast of the present United States. In the 16th century, Yuchi people lived in the eastern Tennessee River valley in Tennessee. In the late 17th century, they moved south to Alabama, Georgia ... Despite this, some states denied voting rights to Native Americans for several decades. Today, there are over five million Native Americans in the United States, 78% of whom live outside of reservations. There are 574 federally recognized Native American tribes in the country, about half associated with Indian reservations. T 1622: The Powhatan Confederacy nearly wipes out Jamestown colony. 1680: A revolt of Pueblo Native Americans in New Mexico threatens Spanish rule over New Mexico. 1754: The French and Indian War ...23:01. The Ocmulgee Mounds in Macon, Georgia. Prior to the early 18th century, Georgia was the home to several Native American tribes. When Indigenous people were forced off their land due to the Indian Removal Act, these tribes dwindled to only three — the Cherokee of Georgia, the Georgia Tribe of Eastern Cherokee and the … ….

These pages will provide an alphabetical listing for all the villages, towns, and settlements in what was the state of Georgia at the time the Handbook of American Indian of North America was written. Acapachiqui to Aymay. Bissasha to …23:01. The Ocmulgee Mounds in Macon, Georgia. Prior to the early 18th century, Georgia was the home to several Native American tribes. When Indigenous people were forced off their land due to the Indian Removal Act, these tribes dwindled to only three — the Cherokee of Georgia, the Georgia Tribe of Eastern Cherokee and the …The Spanish called all the Indians in northeast Florida and lower-southeast Georgia, Timucua. Jefferson, GA is 221 miles upstream from where the Thumagoa lived in 1565. Nere , Nara and Narulin were names of Thumagoa girls living in Jackson County.In the 1830s, President Andrew Jackson pursued a policy of Indian Removal, forcing Native Americans living in Georgia, Florida, and Mississippi to trek hundreds of miles to territory in present-day Oklahoma. ... In 1830, the Cherokee nation took the state of Georgia to the Supreme Court, arguing that it was an independent nation and as such ...Looking for the best home warranty Georgia has to offer? This article includes our top-ranked home warranty companies and a guide on choosing the best one. Expert Advice On Improvi...Map A map of that part of Georgia occupied by the Cherokee Indians, taken from an actual survey made during the present year 1831, in pursuance of an act of the general assembly of the state : this interesting tract of country contains four millions three hundred & sixty six thousand five hundred & fifty four acres, many rich gold mines & many delightful …The Blackfeet Tribe is a Native American tribe located in the Northwestern United States. They are one of the largest tribes in the United States and have a rich and vibrant cultur...If you are buying a piece of real estate, you probably know that it can be a long, drawn out process. With the due diligence period in Georgia, you will have time to raise any obje... Indian tribes in georgia, The Native American slave trade in the southeast relied on Native Americans trapping and selling other Natives into slavery; this trade between the colonists and the Native Americans had a profound effect on the shaping and nature of slavery in the Southeast. [1] While Natives enslaved other Natives prior to the contact with the European ..., Upon defeat, the Creeks ceded 23,000,000 acres of land (half of Alabama and part of southern Georgia); they were forcibly removed to Indian Territory (now Oklahoma) in the 1830s. There with the Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, and Seminole, they constituted one of the Five Civilized Tribes. For three-quarters of a century each tribe …, At the beginning of the 1830s, nearly 125,000 Native Americans lived on millions of acres of land in Georgia, Tennessee, Alabama, North Carolina and …, The Blackfeet Tribe is a Native American tribe located in the Northwestern United States. They are one of the largest tribes in the United States and have a rich and vibrant cultur..., , Income received by Native Americans from Indian country sources is exempt from personal income taxation. To be exempt, the taxpayer must be a member of a ..., End of the Mississippian Era. The Mississippian Period in Georgia was brought to an end by the increasing European presence in the Southeast. European diseases introduced by early explorers and colonists devastated native populations in some areas, and the desire for European goods and the trade in enslaved natives and, later, …, Nov 21, 2023 · 23:01. The Ocmulgee Mounds in Macon, Georgia. Prior to the early 18th century, Georgia was the home to several Native American tribes. When Indigenous people were forced off their land due to the Indian Removal Act, these tribes dwindled to only three — the Cherokee of Georgia, the Georgia Tribe of Eastern Cherokee and the Muskogee (Creek ... , Joined by their Indian allies on the Ocmulgee River, the English led many slave-capturing expeditions into southwest Georgia and north Florida against Indians allied with the Spanish and French. As Native American anger grew, several major tribes concluded that only a military solution would eliminate the English problem., Cherokee Indian lands in the 1800s were no exception. The United States used violence and coercion through treaties to acquire land in the south-eastern United States, especially in the state of Georgia. Eventually, the Cherokee, along with the other American Indian Tribes, were forced to move west in migrations known as the "Trail of Tears.", Personal loans in Georgia with low APRs & high amounts. Compare loans from Georgia banks/credit unions & national lenders. Find the best loan in Georgia. WalletHub makes it easy to..., Worcester v. Georgia, 31 U.S. (6 Pet.) 515 (1832), was a landmark case in which the United States Supreme Court vacated the conviction of Samuel Worcester and held that the Georgia criminal statute that prohibited non-Native Americans from being present on Native American lands without a license from the state was unconstitutional. The …, Original homeland: along the banks of the Alabama, Coosa, Tallapoosa, Flint, Ocmulgee, and Chattahoochee Rivers, In the Georgia, Alabama, Florida, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Tennessee. Creek Indians trace their ancestry through the female line. The children belong to the same clan as their mother. Clan members were closely related so …, Idea for Use in the Classroom. The Trail of Tears is the name given to the forced migration of the Cherokee people from their ancestral lands in Georgia, Alabama, Tennessee, and North Carolina to new …, Feb 25, 2024 · Worcester v. Georgia, legal case in which the U.S. Supreme Court on March 3, 1832, held (5–1) that the states did not have the right to impose regulations on Native American land. Although Pres. Andrew Jackson refused to enforce the ruling, the decision helped form the basis for most subsequent law in the United States regarding Native Americans. , Muscogee people [2] The Yuchi people, also spelled Euchee and Uchee, are a Native American tribe based in Oklahoma. Their original homeland was in the southeast of the present United States. In the 16th century, Yuchi people lived in the eastern Tennessee River valley in Tennessee. In the late 17th century, they moved south to Alabama, Georgia ... , The Native American slave trade in the southeast relied on Native Americans trapping and selling other Natives into slavery; this trade between the colonists and the Native Americans had a profound effect on the shaping and nature of slavery in the Southeast. [1] While Natives enslaved other Natives prior to the contact with the European ..., St. Labre Indian School, located in Ashland, Montana, is a renowned educational institution that focuses on providing quality education to Native American students from over 60 tri..., It’s an ongoing epic that stands intertwined with the very identity of America. Native American Tribes Map - US History Classroom School Poster. Amazon. $ 10.99. 1650 US Map Native American Indian Tribes Languages | Historical Poster (23"x31") Amazon. $ …, 4 days ago ... Creek, Muskogean-speaking North American Indians who originally occupied a huge expanse of the flatlands of what are now Georgia and Alabama ..., The following tribes at one time are recorded in history as having resided within the present state of Georgia. If the tribe name is in bold, then Georgia is the primary location known for this tribe, otherwise we provide the tribes specifics as it pertains to Georgia and then provide a link to the main tribal page. Apalachee Indians, As the coalescent societies began to form, Native Americans in Georgia and throughout the South revolted against the slave trade and the English, in particular. This revolt, known as the Yamasee War of 1715, served the Indians’ purpose of reforming the trade, if not annihilating the English. Although enslaved Indians continued to be bought ..., The state of Georgia has a long and complicated history with its Native American population. For much of the state’s early history, the Native Americans were seen as a hindrance to settlement and development and were often forcibly removed from their land. This changed in the mid-19th century, when the state began to actively recruit …, In the 1830s, President Andrew Jackson pursued a policy of Indian Removal, forcing Native Americans living in Georgia, Florida, and Mississippi to trek hundreds of miles to territory in present-day Oklahoma. ... In 1830, the Cherokee nation took the state of Georgia to the Supreme Court, arguing that it was an independent nation and as such ..., The following tribes at one time are recorded in history as having resided within the present state of Georgia. If the tribe name is in bold, then Georgia is the primary location known for this tribe, otherwise we provide the tribes specifics as it pertains to Georgia and then provide a link to the main tribal page. Apalachee Indians, But the Creek nation was multiethnic and included Indian peoples from Spanish missions in Georgia and Florida as well as Yuchi, Shawnee, Chickasaw, ... Alabama, on a 230-acre reservation. They are the only federally recognized Indian tribe in Alabama and operate as a sovereign nation with their own system of government and …, Income received by Native Americans from Indian country sources is exempt from personal income taxation. To be exempt, the taxpayer must be a member of a ..., Tribal Council. The mission of the Poarch Band of Creek Indians is to protect our inherent rights as a sovereign American Indian Tribe, promote our culture and beliefs, to help our Tribal Members achieve their highest potential, maintain good relations with other Indian Tribes and units of government,acquire, develop and conserve resources to achieve …, Indian removal was the United States government policy of forced displacement of self-governing tribes of Native Americans from their ancestral homelands in the eastern United States to lands west of the Mississippi River – specifically, to a designated Indian Territory (roughly, present-day Oklahoma ). [1] [2] [3] The Indian Removal Act, the ..., The Muscogee tribe, also called the Creek, was made up of several separate tribes that occupied Georgia and Alabama in the American Colonial Period. Their confederacy, which formed the largest division of the Muscogean family, included other Muscogean tribes such as the Catawba, Iroquois, and Shawnee, as well as the Cherokee.Together, they were …, The Okefenokee Swamp covers nearly 700 square miles, almost all of which is in Georgia. It has a long history as a wilderness, a public common, and a refuge. Since 1937 most of the Okefenokee has been a National Wildlife Refuge. It was designated a National Wilderness Area in 1974. Indigenous Communities Indigenous peoples …, Muscogee people [2] The Yuchi people, also spelled Euchee and Uchee, are a Native American tribe based in Oklahoma. Their original homeland was in the southeast of the present United States. In the 16th century, Yuchi people lived in the eastern Tennessee River valley in Tennessee. In the late 17th century, they moved south to Alabama, Georgia ... , Cherokee, North American Indians of Iroquoian lineage who constituted one of the largest politically integrated tribes at the time of European colonization of the Americas. Their name is derived from a Creek word meaning “people of different speech”; many prefer to be known as Keetoowah or Tsalagi. They are believed to have numbered …